A review of international progress in colorectal cancer screening programs / 上海预防医学

Objective:To summarize the international experience in colorectal cancer population screening programs， so as to provide reference for the development and promotion of similar programs in China. Methods:We used “colorectal cancer population screening program” as key words to search the database of CNKI and Web of Science in this study. Results:A total of 18 reports （including 17 programs） were selected from 187 Chinese and 1 256 English literatures. International colorectal cancer screening programs were organized to target asymptomatic 50-74 years old population for fecal immunochemical test every two years and recommend participants with positive result to take further colonoscopy. These programs reduced the incidence of colorectal cancer and adenoma， which were beneficial to early diagnosis and treatment in colorectal cancer patients. They also showed good cost-effectiveness. Conclusion:Based on the domestic and foreign experiences， we suggest to further improve colorectal cancer screening programs in China， including designing evidence-based and feasible strategies， attaching importance to the implementation and management of the programs， and simultaneously implementing project monitoring and effectiveness evaluation.

Community colorectal cancer screening program in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Shanghai public health service-community colorectal cancer screening program, was officially launched in November 2012 , so as to carry out colorectal cancer prevention and health education through free screening services in the whole city.The establishment of the program was based on the comprehensive analysis of disease burden caused by colorectal cancer in Shanghai, with three years of pilot study in Qibao Community.In the first round of screening, one million people participated and 1 960 colorectal cancer cases were detected, with the proportion of the earlier stage cancer being 52.8%, which was 4.36 times the level in Shanghai before screening.At the same time, 7 911 cases of precancerous lesion were detected.The objective of program was achieved, with precious experience obtained in implementation of similar disease screening programs.

Recent incidences and trends of childhood malignant solid tumors in Shanghai, 2002-2010 / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the recent incidences and trends of childhood malignant solid tumors in Shanghai.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Data from the population-based Shanghai Cancer Registry and related retrospective survey were used to analyze the patterns of incidence and trends of malignant solid tumors diagnosed between 2002 and 2010 in children aged 0-14 years. The distributions of incidences were described according to gender, age and cancer types which were classified according to International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC). Annual age-standardized rates (ASRs) were adjusted by the world standard population. Approximate confidence intervals for standardized rate ratios (SRR) based Poisson distribution test-based methods were used to assess changes in incidence over the period 2002 - 2006 and 2007 - 2010.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>(1)A total of 868 cases of childhood malignant solid tumors were diagnosed in Shanghai during 2002 - 2010, accounting for 65.8% of all childhood cancers. The ASR of 2002 - 2010 was 80.2 per million for all solid tumors. (2) The ASR was higher in boys (86.3 per million) than in girls (73.8 per million) with SRR 1.2 (95%CI 1.0 - 1.3). Incidence rate was the highest in the first five years of life with 93.4 per million. The age-specific incidence rates in 5 - 9 and 10 - 14 age groups were 65.2 and 79.3 per million, respectively. (3) CNS tumors, lymphomas, germ cell tumors, neuroblastoma, and soft tissue sarcomas were the top 5 most common solid tumors in children, with the incidence rate of 23.8, 11.0, 7.8, 7.7 and 6.8 per million, respectively. The patterns of subgroups varied in different age groups. Blastomas, such as neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, were more common in the children aged 0 - 4 years, whereas epithelial carcinomas and bone tumors developed more frequently in elder children aged 10 - 14 years. (4) Compared with the ASR in 2002 - 2006, the ASR for both genders in 2007 - 2010 had no substantial changes (78.7 per million in 2002 - 2006 and 82.9 per million in 2007 - 2010). However, among boys, the incidence rate in 2007 - 2010 was significantly higher than that in 2002 - 2006 with SRR 1.2 (95%CI: 1.0 - 1.4). For specific subgroups of cancer, there were no substantial changes. Some cautions should be taken when interpreting results involving a small number of cases per year and those with wide 95% confidence intervals.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The incidence rate of pediatric malignant solid tumors among males was higher than females during 2002 - 2010, and it differed among different age groups with the highest in the first five years of life. CNS tumor was the most common type of solid tumors in children. This was a unique characteristics comparing with adult reflected in disease spectrum and age of onset. The patterns of incidence and its trends for childhood malignant solid tumors in Shanghai could provide a basis for etiologic research and preventive interventions. The findings also suggest an urgent need for longer population-based surveillance to verify the pattern and changing trends.</p>

Estimates and prediction of prostate cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence in China, 2008 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To estimate the incidence,mortality and 5-year prevalence of prostate cancer in China,in 2008.Methods Data from 36 cancer registries and the Third National Death Survey in China (2004-2005)was used to estimate the incidence,mortality and 5-year prevalence rates of prostate cancer in China in 2008.Mathematical models were used to predict the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in the next 20 years.Results In 2008,the incidence of prostate cancer was 33 802 (2.1％),with the incidence rate as 4.3/100 000,which ranked the eighth among all the male cancers.Mortality of prostate cancer in China was 14 297 (1.2％) with the mortality rate of 1.8/100 000,which ranked eleventh among all the male cancers.The 5-year prevalence rate of prostate cancer in China was 75 535 (3.5％) with the proportion of 13.8/100 000,ranking the seventh among all the male cancers.The incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in men before the age of 60 maintained at a low level,but rose rapidly after the age of 60.Data on prediction showed that the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in China would gradually increase in the next 20 years.Conclusion Both incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in China would keep increasing in the future.Prevention and control programs for prostate cancer should be strengthened.